Cleveland History
November 19, 1831 – James A. Garfield was born in Orange Township (now Moreland Hills), Cuyahoga County, Ohio.
World History
November 17, 1947 – The in the U.S. implemented an anti‑Communist loyalty oath, reflecting rising Cold War tensions.
November 17, 1989 – The began in Prague as a student protest that grew into a national movement, eventually ending Communist rule in Czechoslovakia.
November 22, 1946 – French forces issued an ultimatum to the Vietnamese in Haiphong harbor, triggering a major colonial conflict that would lead to the First Indochina War.
November 23, 1946 – The French naval cruiser bombarded Haiphong, Vietnam, killing thousands in one of the early violent episodes in the Vietnam‑Indochina conflict.
